ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: This study evaluated the angiogenesis-enhancing potential of a tricalcium silicate-based mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA), Biodentine, and a novel bioceramic root canal sealer (Well-Root ST) in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPLSCs), and human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs). Methodology: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium was conditioned for 24 h by exposure to ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, or Well-Root ST specimens (prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions). The cells were cultured in these conditioned media and their viability was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfo-phenyl)-2H tetrazolium (MTS) on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14. Angiogenic growth factors [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] were assayed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on days 1, 7, and 14. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration assays were used to evaluate the vascular effects of the tested materials at 6-8 h. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Results: None of tricalcium silicate-based materials were cytotoxic and all induced a similar release of angiogenic growth factors (PDGF, FGF-2, and VEGF) (p>0.05). The best cell viability was observed for hDPSCs (p<0.05) with all tricalcium silicate-based materials at day 14. Tube formation by HUVECs showed a significant increase with all tested materials (p<0.05). Conclusion: The tricalcium silicate-based materials showed potential for angiogenic stimulation of all stem cell types and significantly enhanced tube formation by HUVECs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Root Canal Filling Materials/pharmacology , Stem Cells/drug effects , Ceramics/pharmacology , Silicates/pharmacology , Calcium Compounds/pharmacology , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/pharmacology , Periodontal Ligament/cytology , Periodontal Ligament/drug effects , Tooth Germ/cytology , Tooth Germ/drug effects , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Materials Testing , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/analysis , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/drug effects , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cell Survival/drug effects , Reproducibility of Results , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/analysis , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/drug effects , Statistics, Nonparametric , Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects , Dental Pulp/cytology , Dental Pulp/drug effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/drug effects , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Flow CytometryABSTRACT
Abstract This in situ study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-demineralization effects of an experimental orthodontic adhesive containing triazine and niobium phosphate bioglass (TAT) around brackets bonded to enamel surfaces. Sixteen volunteers were selected to use intra-oral devices with six metallic brackets bonded to enamel blocks. The experimental orthodontic adhesives were composed by 75% BisGMA and 25% TEGDMA containing 0% TAT and 20% TAT. Transbond XT adhesive (TXT) was used as a control group. Ten volunteers, mean age of 29 years, were included in the study. The six blocks of each volunteer were detached from the appliance after 7 and 14 days to evaluate mineral loss and bacterial growth including total bacteria, total Streptococci, Streptococci mutans, and Lactobacilli. Statistical analysis was performed using GLM model - univariate analysis of variance for microhardness and 2-way ANOVA for bacterial growth (p<0.05). The 20% TAT adhesive caused no difference between distances from bracket and the sound zone at 10-µm deep after 7 and 14 days. After 14 days, higher mineral loss was shown around brackets at 10- to 30-µm deep for TXT and 0% TAT adhesives compared to 20% TAT. S. mutans growth was inhibited by 20% TAT adhesive at 14 days. Adhesive with 20% TAT showed lower S. mutans and total Streptococci growth than 0% TAT and TXT adhesives. The findings of this study show that the adhesive incorporated by triazine and niobium phosphate bioglass had an anti-demineralization effect while inhibiting S. mutans and total Streptococci growth. The use of this product may inhibit mineral loss of enamel, preventing the formation of white spot lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Oxides/pharmacology , Phosphates/pharmacology , Streptococcus/drug effects , Tooth Demineralization/prevention & control , Dental Cements/pharmacology , Lactobacillus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Niobium/pharmacology , Ceramics/pharmacology , Ceramics/chemistry , Double-Blind Method , Dental Cements/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
Abstract Obturation of the root canal system aims to fill empty spaces, promoting hermetic sealing and preventing bacterial activity in periapical tissues. This should provide optimal conditions for repair, stimulating the process of biomineralization. An endodontic sealer should be biocompatible once it is in direct contact with periapical tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rat subcutaneous tissue response to implanted polyethylene tubes filled with Smartpaste Bio, Acroseal, and Sealapex and investigate mineralization ability of these endodontic sealers. Forty Wistar rats were assigned to the three sealers groups and control group, (n = 10 animals/group) and received subcutaneous implants containing the test sealers, and the control group were implanted with empty tubes. After days 7, 15, 30, and 60, animals were euthanized and polyethylene tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues. Inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the fibrous capsule were histologically evaluated. Mineralization was analyzed by Von Kossa staining and polarized light. Data were tabulated and analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test. All tested materials induced a moderate inflammatory reaction in the initial periods. Smartpaste Bio induced the mildest inflammatory reactions after day 15. No difference was observed among groups after days 30 or 60. Von Kossa-positive staining and birefringent structures observed under polarized light revealed a larger mineralization area in Sealapex-treated animals followed by Smartpaste Bio-treated animals. At the end of the experiment, all tested sealers were found to be biocompatible. All sealers induced biomineralization, except Acroseal, which induced a mild tissue reaction.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Root Canal Filling Materials/pharmacology , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Calcium Hydroxide/pharmacology , Ceramics/pharmacology , Subcutaneous Tissue/drug effects , Epoxy Resins/pharmacology , Root Canal Filling Materials/chemistry , Time Factors , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Materials Testing , Calcium Hydroxide/chemistry , Ceramics/chemistry , Salicylates/pharmacology , Salicylates/chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Rats, Wistar , Subcutaneous Tissue/pathology , Epoxy Resins/chemistry , Inflammation/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful response to stimulus applied to the open dentinal tubules of a vital tooth. It's a common oral condition, however, without an ideal treatment available yet. This work evaluated in vitro the effect of micron-sized particles from a novel bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) in occluding open dentinal tubules. A dentin disc model was employed to observe comparatively, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dentinal tubule occlusion by different products and deposition of hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HCA) on dentin surface by Biosilicate, after a single application: G1 - Dentifrice with potassium nitrate and fluoride; G2 - Two-step calcium phosphate precipitation treatment; G3 - Water-free gel containing Biosilicate particles (1 percent); G4 - Biosilicate particles mixed with distilled water in a 1:10 ratio; all of them after 1, 12 and 24 hours of immersion in artificial saliva. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to detect HCA formation on dentin discs filled with Biosilicate after 2 minutes, 30 minutes and 12 hours of immersion in artificial saliva. SEM showed a layer of HCA formed on dentin surface after 24 hours by G4. G1, G2 and G3 promoted not total occlusion of open dentinal tubules after 24 hours. FTIR showed HCA precipitation on the dentin surface induced by Biosilicate after 30 minutes. The micron-sized particles from the bioactive glass-ceramic thus were able to induce HCA deposition in open dentinal tubules in vitro. This finding suggests that Biosilicate may provide a new option for treating DH.
Subject(s)
Ceramics/pharmacology , Dentin Desensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Dentin Sensitivity/drug therapy , Dentin/drug effects , Dentin Desensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Dentin/chemistry , Dentin/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Saliva, Artificial , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Surface Properties , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: In endodontics, various intracanal medications have been advocated to eliminate bacteria after root canal instrumentation. A recent study has revealed that addition of powdered dentin to bioactive glass (BAG) led to increased glass dissolution, and an increased antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to compare the effect of enamel and dentin powder on the antibacterial efficacy of a commercially available BAG. Materials and Methods: Dentin blocks (dbs) were prepared from single rooted human teeth. These dbs were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for two weeks in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), while negative controls were kept in sterile TSB. In group I, the infected dbs were filled with BAG, in group II with BAG + Enamel powder and group III with BAG + Dentin powder. Dentin samples were harvested from the dbs and cultured. Statistical Analysis: Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used for multiple group comparison followed by Scheffe's post hoc test for pair-wise comparisons. Results: All the combinations of BAG evaluated significantly reduced the bacterial counts compared to the control group. However, at the end of 24 hours, three days, and five days BAG + Dentin powder showed significant reduction ( P < 0.01) in bacterial counts compared to the other experimental groups. Conclusion: Among the various materials evaluated, it appeared that though BAG exhibits antimicrobial efficacy, the addition of powdered enamel and dentin in aqueous suspension definitely enhanced this property. However, the addition of enamel powder BAG did not significantly alter its antimicrobial efficacy compared to BAG + dentin powder.
Subject(s)
Analysis of Variance , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Ceramics/pharmacology , Dental Enamel , Dentin/microbiology , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Powders/pharmacology , Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta histológica após a implantação de dois tipos de cerâmicas bioativas em defeitos criados na tíbia de ratos. Dezesseis ratos da raça Wistar, pesando 300g, foram divididos em dois grupos: PerioGlass (PG) (n=8) e Biogran (BG) (n=8). Defeitos ósseos unicorticais de 3 mm de diâmetro foram realizados na tíbia dos animais e preenchidos com os dois tipos de partículas cerâmicas. Os animais foram sacrificados aos 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias no pós-operatório. O material preparado para processamento e exame histológico em microscopia óptica foi corado com hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômio de Mallory. Aos 7 dias ambos os grupos apresentaram septos ósseos neoformados, mais intensos no grupo PG. Isto também foi observado aos 14 dias. Nos períodos posteriores (30 e 60 dias), ambos os grupos apresentaram tecido ósseo mais maduro ao redor das partículas cerâmicas. As trabéculas ósseas formadas em todos os períodos experimentais foram justapostas com as partículas. Podemos concluir que ambos os materiais promoveram o preenchimento ósseo em toda a extensão do defeito independente de suas granulações comprovando suas propriedades osteocondutivas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Ceramics/pharmacology , Bone Regeneration , Ceramics/classification , Dental Implantation, Endosseous , TibiaABSTRACT
Se utilizaron 60 ratas Wistar, que fueron evaluadas a los 15, 30 y 45 días después de la cirugía. Se quitó un cuadro de piel del lomo del animal, removiendo la epidermis y la dermis hasta alcanzar la fascia muscular donde se aplicó el material de experimentación. Se usó Nitrofurazona como control positivo y ningún material como control negativo. Los materiales a probar fueron fosfatos de aluminio a los que se agregó: 0.55% en peso de Zn y 0.30% en peso de Ca(0H)2 siendo éste el material A, y 0.55% en peso de Zn y 0.66% en peso de Ca(0H)2 el material B. Se trataron cinco ratas con cada material. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron la obtención de las cerámicas a probar y la evaluación de su efecto sobre el proceso de cicatrización de piel de ratas. Los materiales obtenidos fueron caracterizados con DRX. Estudios histopatológicos probaron que los mejores procesos de cicatrización de la piel se observaron en las ratas tratadas con el material A. El uso de las cerámicas AlPO para cicatrización de piel no ha sido reportado antes.
Sixty female Wistar rats were employed and divided into three experimental groups of 20 rats each. Groups were evaluated at 15, 30, and the last at 45 days after surgery. Each group was divided into four sets of five rats each. All rats were subjected to surgery; an incision of 2 x 2cm was done on the back of each animal, removing tissue until reaching muscular fascia, where the material was applied. Nitro-furazone was employed as positive control. Test materials were AlPO added with 0.55% wt of Zn; 0.30% wt of Ca(OH)2 and AlPO added with 0.55% wt of Zn and 0.66% wt of Ca(0H)2. Finally, as negative control no material was used. The object of this work was in the first place obtension of test materials and to evaluate the healing skin process in rats using AlPO enriched with Zn and Ca(0H)2; as indicated previously. Obtained materials were characterized employing XRD. Histologic studies tested showed that best healing process of dermal tissue corresponded to rats treated with AlPO added with 0.55% wt of Zn and 0.30% wt of Ca(OH)2. Use of AlPO ceramics to repair skin has not been reported previously.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Ceramics/pharmacology , Skin Physiological Phenomena , Skin/immunology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Mexico , Rats, Wistar , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
Six adult dogs were injected with calcium phosphate ceramic material through subperiosteal tunneling technique. Gingival specimens were taken after 4, 8 and 12 months from both sides of the mandible, the injected side [study specimens] and the opposite side [control specimens] to be processed for light and electron microscopy. The implant particles were detected in gingiva after 4 and 8 months. After 12 months they were detected only on ultrastructural level. In epidermis, implanted particles appeared as dense granules in membrane bound vacuoles in perinuclear zone. No epidermal reaction was noticed, except for increased cellular attachment. In dermis the particles were phagocytosed inside macrophages. Mild activation of fibroblasts, plasma cells, lymphocytes and leukocytes was noticed with mild collagen deposition